The Bombing Of September 11th 2001 - 947 Words

Where were you on the morning of September 11th 2001? Most people over the age 20 can tell you exactly where they were and what they were doing when they found out about the events that occurred that historic September day. I, for example, was in the middle of the Pacific Ocean on a United States Naval Ship. The goal of the terrorist attacks may have been to break Americas resolve, however, the attacks actually united the American people. The attacks that occurred on September 11th 2001 killed 2,843 people including those on the airplanes, in the towers, in the Pentagon, police officers, firefighters, paramedics and bystanders in New York, Washington D.C. and Pennsylvania.1 The events that occurred on September 11, 2001, affected many people in the United States and abroad, and began the War on Terror. â€Å"On a sunny September morning, nineteen Islamic terrorists from Al Qaeda hijacked four commercial jets and flew two of them into New York City’s World Trade Center, destroying its twin towers and killing more than 2,900 people.†2 September 11th 2001 at 8:45 in the morning, a high jacked commercial airplane crashed into the 80th floor of North Tower of the World Trade Towers instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping even more people in the floors above the crash.3 Then less than 20 minutes later a second airplane crashed into the 60th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Towers.4 The second airplane crash caused a huge explosion and prompted the evacuation ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Happened in September 11th, 2001 Essay889 Words   |  4 Pages September 11th, 2001 What happened on September 11th, 2001? A day that will be remembered and never forgotten, a day that many innocent people died because of a terrible tragedy that happened on September 11th, 2001 at the World Trade Center in New York City. To many people it probably just looked like another regular work day, but didn’t expect the worst that day. On September 11, 2001, nearly 3,000 people were killed in the terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center in New York City (†11Read More9/11: Why It Could Happen Again Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 11th 2001, the day that changed America forever. On this day, 3,000 Americans including civilians, police officers, firefighters and paramedics were innocently murdered by al-Qaeda terrorist. Commercial airline planes were used as missiles and flown into the World Trade Center in NY, the Pentagon in the nations capital, and in a open field in Pennsylvania. For America being the most technology advanced nation in the world, along with having the largest, strongest and most advance militaryRead MoreTerrorism and Political Violence by Alex Schmid1312 Words   |  5 Pagesand international (FBI.gov). Domestic terrorism happens within the United States’ jurisdiction. These terrorist acts will take place on our soil and attack the people of the United States. Examples would be the Boston Bombings, which happened exactly one year ago, or September 11, 2001. These two examples happen to be the doings of people who are trying to harm the government, with religious and political motives, but there are other examples of domestic terrorism that took place by people of thisRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States1453 Words   |  6 Pages September 11th, 2001, alleged Al-Qaeda members attacked the United States of America with four passenger planes, Boeing 757s. Two planes flew into the North and South Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one plane flew into the Pentagon, and the remaining plane was possibly targeting the White House but was unsuccessful. People all over America felt an utter shock and disbelief after this tragic event as people demanded answers. After the terrorist attacks, a portion of AmericansRead MoreThe Following Reading Will Contain Background Information923 Words   |  4 Pageswithdrawal of Afghanistan in 1988. The organization was started in Pakistan by then leader Osama Bin-Laden. Al-Qaeda had been responsible for attacking the World Trade Center in 1993 and 2001, as well as bombings of U.S. Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, which killed 224 people from 1991 to 1998. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, U.S. and British forces drove Al-Qaeda out of Afghanistan in to neighboring Pa kistan. The unrest in the region due to being forced out of Afghanistan had never been greaterRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack 9 / 11 Essay1668 Words   |  7 Pages Conservatisms believe that terrorism posses one of the greatest threats to the United States of America (34). During the attacks George W.Bush responded by trying to prevent further hijack attacks, which meant forcing down all flights on September 11th 2001, any flight that didn’t cooperate would be viewed as hostile therefore be shot down by the air force. When he heard about Flight 93 he believed that it had occurred because of his orders given, later finding out it was because of the heroicnessRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And Its Effects On American Soil983 Words   |  4 Pagesblue sky, as a slight breeze made its way through the maze of skyscrapers in New York City on a cool Tuesday morning. Who could have guessed a morning as benevolent as this could be a source of such inexplicable cruelty? This particular day in September of 2001 would change the world forever. Without warning, an explosion rang out. A puff of black smoke bellowed upward from the north tower of the World Trade Centers. An unpleasant silence ensued. As the bystanders below tried to make sense of what theyRead More Terrorism : The Threat Of Terrorism Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pagesthough these extremist use religious symbolism to seek a wider audience and resort to violent acts to prove their point. The terrorist’s events leading up to September 11, 2001 can be analyzed for the purpose of uncovering such a pattern to shed light on the possibility of preventing another horrific terrorist attack in the future. September 11, 2001 is known today as the darkest day in aviation history because the attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction which led to significant U.S. initiatesRead MoreTerrorism: A Defining Moment in Our Recent History1576 Words   |  6 Pagesglobal. The history of terrorism is rooted in its use by revolutionaries and governments, its influence on domestic affairs and the various methods used to instill fear and control. But since the end of the Cold War and more importantly after September 11, 2001, terrorism has been used by organizations to exert political and extreme religious agendas across the globe using new tactics with the advancement of technology The end result of World War I created revolutionary groups that would start theRead MoreCombatting Against Terrorism Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesactivity such as the Boston Marathon bombing, the 9/11 terrorist attacks, and the anthrax letter mailings of 2001. The definition of Terrorism according to Dictionary.com is â€Å"the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes†. As one looks back upon the United States history of Terrorism, one might find that almost one-hundred percent of the time they fit the definition. For example, the attacks on September 11th, 2001 were, according to many politicians and

The Sun Is Shining Bright Upon Your Skin - 1088 Words

You are casually walking down the street. The sun is shining bright upon your skin. You watch the cars quickly driving by hearing the sound of speed. It washes wind onto your warm face. You glance at the people in the cars observing the differing expressions. You look down at your feet noticing the crunch of the orange and yellow leaves beneath them. You look up and you are at a crosswalk. The light still shows a red hand. You patiently wait. The light turns into a walking white figure and you cautiously cross the road. As you are walking a white jeep speeds down the street you look at the vehicle and it is obvious to you that the driver is not paying attention. Before you know it the women in the car, young with chocolate brown hair, slams on her breaks aggressively. Panic danced through her eyes. What do you do in this moment? This person almost hit you when you were considerately following the laws in place. Do you look up with anger in your eyes, your lips letting out words of ra ge? Seeing the drivers eyes grow big with remorse and fear. Or do you pause, not letting yourself fall into the arms of impulse and put yourself in the women’s shoes. Contemplating your intent before you act. Karma pertains to action driven my intention (cetanÄ ). Before learning about Buddhism I thought about karma as a certain energy angrily coming for someone at some point in time that would force him or her to pay for his or her bad actions. It was more of a nonchalant saying thrown out thereShow MoreRelatedThe Slave Ship J.M.W Turner1588 Words   |  7 PagesTurner, John Mallord William  (1775-1851) Romantic Landscape Painter 1840; Oil on canvas, 90.8 x 122.6 cm; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Aloft all hands, strike the top-masts and belay; Yon angry setting sun and fierce-edged clouds Declare the Typhons coming. Before it sweeps your decks, throw overboard The dead and dying - neer heed their chains Hope, Hope, fallacious Hope! Where is thy market now? JMW Turner displayed this poem with his Slave Ship in 1812 Poem by Robert Bloomfield Read MoreDescriptive Essay : My Favorite Camping Spots1304 Words   |  6 Pagespassions of mine. I love the aroma of pine needles, and the sounds of birds chirping as the sun greets a new day. There is a sense of calmness in the wilderness lost from the bustling city life. One of my favorite camping spots is on the shores of Timothy Lake, an oasis near the base of Mount Hood. To reach Timothy Lake, you stroll through the woods on a small dirt path littered with fallen leaves that rustle under your footsteps. Sunlight, filtering through a thick canopy of trees, dances on the groundRead MoreWish For A Young Wife, by Theodore Roethke1466 Words   |  6 Pagesout the beauty of a woman. 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There were tour guides standing in front of them, smiling and greeting people as they walked by, but the large structures leering behind them did not mirror the jovial persona put on by the workers. Instead, they looked hateful and threatening, daring you enter at your own risk. The ever-present cracks trailing along all sides of them and the chippingRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Love2096 Words   |  9 PagesThank You, Emmeline One late morning in 1914, I leaned against the newly painted silver railings of the large Majestic, a beautiful ship with a black bottom and a bright white top. Murky, charcoal-black smoke came out of the three enormous, grey, cylinder-shaped chimneys, which began combining with the fresh sea air. The thunderous boat horn was then suddenly blasted, interrupting the beautiful, calming noises of the sea. 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Rural Community Health Workers In Afghanistan

Question: Describe the Designing A Training Package Of Rural Community Health Workers In Afghanistan. Answer: Introduction and Background The greatest difficulties in conveying health services in the territory of Urozgan, Afghanistan are the lack of group health laborers, deficiency of safe conveyance practices and deficiency of female health specialists. Additionally, social standards rehearsed in the locale in addition to social hindrance confine healthiness administration in far-flung as well as separated areas of Uruzgan area, Afghanistan. It is a country, which often fights for a critical period, accomplishing the pounding of several communal structures counting their prosperity framework. Following the intercession of NATO obliges in 2003, the innovative regime in the midst of aid from its general embellishments made an essential bundle out of wellbeing services to offer associations to the overwhelming countryside regular masses; its picky focus is on nearby youths and women. The workforce to pass on these associations contains Community Health Workers (CHWs). In this article, the fact of the matter is to arrange and making a training bundle for wellbeing laborers in the provincial zones of Afghanistan. This report will delineate the method or system to develop the readiness program close by examination of progression as far as sex of the workforce. The dialogs related to this venture will perceive facilitators and troubles to the framework. For the headway of preparing system, particular subjective study is used that incorporates an examination of approach and administrative reports, all around gatherings and focus social affairs, and non-affiliate recognition. The maternal losses in town locale of the Afghanistan are over 15.9% reliably whereas the state of natural districts is substantially more awful in commonplace zones approximating Urugan area. As indicated by Arwal, (2015) the extent of motherly transience has been indicated as the most astonishing amid 1,513 passings (deaths) for each 21,555 deliveries. Alternatively, Arwal, (2015) portrayed that Afghanistan was indicated as the third most essential for seeing 148 and 256 passings for every 999 kids. An outrageous absence is there of secure transport applications as well as inadequacy of womanly-gathering Health Workers in the countryside. Communal standards put into practice in the area increase this issue of similar number of women just permitted to be in closeness of a man relative who limits their passageway to wellbeing administration. These days, there is a call for of no fewer than 5,100 birthing colleagues if 81% of birthing occurring in the countryside must be secured. There is a sensible need updates in wellbeing sharpens in Afghanistan and this wander means to tackle this necessity through researching distinctive choices open for gathering Health Workers for guidance which may be given in the area. Ayoubi Todd (2013) characterized Afghanistan as a nation that has been included in real clashes and wars that have brought about noteworthy demolition of the foundation and society of the nation. The significant annihilation and misfortune was distinguished in the wellbeing arrangement of the nation. The US drove NATO drive's mediation has driven the Afghanistan's legislature to step up and bolster the rustic populace of Afghanistan. The social insurance administrations and instructional meetings are for the most part centered to the kids and ladies of Uruzgan. The preparation bundles created for the kids and maternity care of the ladies concentrates on giving preparing, direction, investigating the sexual orientation progression and helping the rustic groups to defeat the difficulties and issues confronted in the country-side. Aims of the study The point of this examination is to build up an arrangement for a venture that includes Development of a Training Program for Rural Health Workers of Afghanistan for development in youngster and motherly social insurance administrations. This point might be accomplished by satisfying certain destinations of this examination including: Increase the accessibility of the essential health examination provided by the community health workers. Improve the training quality of the community health workers. Enhance CHWs skill and knowledge and upgrade their expertise as well as enhance their role in health promotion and general care services. Share documents, introduce general health care package and also inform about facilities and packages of the Health Services BPHS policy and guidelines Literature Review Barss (2012) referred to that since 2001; the Public Health Ministry in Afghanistan has seen demolition in the wellbeing part and organization of provision of health care. In his study, Barss, (2012) ensured that the fold of Taliban begun the hazard in addition to possible tests on upgrading the healthiness of the nation. The wellbeing coordination was hammered possibly with the diverse testing-markers who were not tended to because of the organization. Bartlett (2013) sketched out three gigantic markers, which influence the wellbeing of the countryside workforce in Afghanistan. Figure 1: Issues shaping the wellbeing of Afghanistan women As showed by Colvin (2014) the extent of motherly transience is often indicated as the most imperative amid 1,578 losses for each of the 21,550 deliveries. In contrast, Goldie (2012) exhibited that Afghanistan was the most elevated for seeing 168 going for each 1,545 in infant and child transience as of 2002. As showed by the records at Public Health Agency, the nation watched that fewer than 11% of the people were offered leeway to the health facilities. Empowering the prosperity associations was not remarkable when judged by the wellspring of the condition, which is the rising and reliable clash the nation has confronted in the years before. Unexpectedly, Goldie (2012) confirmed that the medicinal services associations and circumstance in the provincial spots at Afghanistan were upgraded at a critical rate amidst the period of 2003 to 2011. Disregarding the way that, it cannot be dismissed that the question and Taliban oversee has hit the social structure and squashed the soundness of the nation at a miserable level. The proceeding with effect of the debate has diminished the rate of pay that has understood the lower infrastructural change particularly in the rustic territories. Furthermore, the absence of the HR amidst the post fight period was seen as one of the gigantic obstruction of the change of Afghanistan. Goldie (2012) articulated that the dysfunctions of the general wellbeing part at Afghanistan reliably pulled in different NGOs (Non-Governmental Organization) to work in Afghanistan working for their own inclination. Furthermore, the qualified wellbeing staff, wellbeing workplaces and assets were not open to the provincial social event of the nation. The gathering for helping the rustic young people and ladies from beating the condition in a general sense passed on CHWs (Community Health Workers). Faiz et al., (2012) alluded to that the CHW were set up for supporting and regulating the social affairs with the formal medicinal services associations to the comprehensive group. As a freshest division of general society human services benefits, the lawmaking body has wandered up concerning present CHWs. With an aggregate people of around 30 million of multilingual and multi-ethnic individuals, Afghanistan has been considered as a nation with the insignificant HDI (Human Development Index). Regardless of that, the HDI was recorded in a general sense against the ladies in the nation. A study composed by Faiz et al., (2012) have uncovered that tip top 6% of the aggregate masses of ladies have optional preparing in the nation, notwithstanding that, 16% of the ladies individuals was recorded for acknowledging work. Hamid Skena (2014) refereed to that throughput the nation; the way of life of sexual presentation disengagement was completely tackles relying upon the urban-country unpredictability, ethnicity and financial condition. Hamid, Skena (2014) shown that amidst the Taliban and Civil war the ladies of Afghanistan were limited to value the political, cash related and social life and were introduced to their family works out. In addition, the nonattendance of standard information and overhauled data about the examination of disease transmission have made the teenagers and ladies powerless against different perishes that can be effectively killed and treated with the right asset progression healing gear. Researchers alluded to that the antibodies can block the greater part of the defilements were seen at Afghanistan. Methodology This venture has been evaluated to take up to seven months that starts from March 2016 to 14 October 2016. The underlying stage was to decide the major partners and members needed for the fruitful achievement of the venture. The outline of the research included different key territories, for example, viewpoint, and Data accumulation in addition to investigation techniques. Exploration Viewpoint The research is directed in the company of the assistance of Post-Positivism rational manner. This manner is viewed as proper for this research because it includes both uses of logic as well as a logical manner. It helps the specialist to decide the logical technique to be utilized as a part of the study alongside assurance of effect upon the prosperity of the public. Investigation Methods There are two sorts of examination technique for specific researches contemplate. The absence of information to distinguish the best possible investigation technique may come about into accumulation of wrong information hence coming about into unseemly results. The two investigation techniques are Qualitative and Quantitative. This study takes after the Qualitative technique as it includes social affair of information frame auxiliary sources implies investigation of different accessible contextual investigations and consequences of different studies identified with the specific point. Information Compilation For a specific study, two sorts of strategy there are for information accumulation. Here, the information is gathered from optional resources to distinguish the current along with the previous condition of the clinical frameworks in pastoral regions of Afghanistan. The information is being gathered in setting to each BPHS (Basic Package of Health Services) office for deciding the dynamic clinics and healthiness centers alongside rustic along with the aggregate populace. CHW Training in remote and under-served communities The CHW Training is partitioned into three primary stages. Each has three weeks of classroom and viable training, and these are isolated by times of maybe a couple months pragmatic involvement in the group. Amid these periods in the group, the coach will visit frequently to help and direct the down to earth experience of CHWs. These three stages are as per the following: Stage 1 of Training of CHW concentrates on anticipating transferable maladies and begins by encouraging the CHWs to recognize a large number of the most well-known sicknesses in the group as irresistible infections and figure out how they spread amongst individuals and how to stop the spread of these illnesses. They likewise find out about basic approaches to advance individual, family and natural cleanliness, and the significance of vaccinations. Stage 2, concentrates on advancing Maternal and Child Health and shows CHWs how they can help ladies in their groups to have healthy pregnancies and safe labor however birth readiness at home and through looking for services of group birthing specialists and making great utilization of antenatal, safe conveyance and postnatal care services at the health office. This stage likewise concentrates on showing CHWs youthful youngsters and infant care and family arranging. Stage 3 shows CHWs the abilities of perceiving and dealing with the essential adolescence sicknesses, home care and the significance of looking for gifted health mind on time. Every mentor will orchestrate CHW training sessions in gatherings of 10 to 15 CHWs. Every stage will be directed over a time of 18 days with 8 weeks interim between every stage, during which CHWs will practice what they learn. These training sessions will be held in a community setting organized by DMT in consultation with shura members. Keeping the number of CHWs being trained limited to 10 or 15 is meant to ensure focused attention during the education process, including provision of adequate time to each CHW to practice what they learn. This will not only enhance their knowledge and skills to do their job, but also build their confidence to carry out this important task. Transportation, accommodation and food costs for CHWs coming from other villages will be covered. The cost of mehrams accompanying female CHWs will also be covered. To ensure that CHW training is of good quality, AARDO and BPHS manager and its partner AARDO s staff will use an observation checklist to evaluate tra inings. Regular comprehensive feedback will be provided on overall quality of teaching, including adherence to methods in the CHW training manual; gaps in teaching; ideas for leading particular topics and/or using teaching aids; and recommendations for making changes in the lesson plan, if needed. After CHWs successfully graduate from phase 1, 2 and 3 of CHW training, they will be provided with a CHW kit. A list of trained CHWs will be provided to the BPHS implementing NGO so that they are able to guide the health facility staff to start supporting these CHWs. To ensure that CHWs continue to gain the confidence, knowledge and skills necessary to do their job, their supervising CHSs will also attend CHW trainings. This will allow CHSs to provide supportive supervision and coaching to all CHWs on a regular basis. Results or Project outcome Based the beneath audit topics for the venture were distinguished for giving substance and confirmation to shape beyond any doubt prescribed system for group wellbeing laborers preparing and strategy and substance that are effectively working for provincial group were considered. Booklet of the preparation plan, share the whole arrangement for the lesson and screen the rundown and examiners. Experience the evaluation structures and screen the gifts A usage plan is finished with Gantt diagram are appended A strategy for conveyance instructional meetings Crucial asset, (Budget of the venture, preparing plan, representatives transportation, lodging and preparing present) is furnished Sorts of arrangements incorporate getting ready for training, dealing with the hazard, as well as anticipating regulations and so on Finish a particular program and after that share proposition for execution Evaluating dangers connected with the venture and moderation. Incorporate society mapping and situational investigation. The survey points of interest are given underneath; The total number of element Basic Package of Health Services BPHS workplaces extended from 1200 to 1829 in 2011 a 66% extension. The BPHS workplaces oftentimes reports extension of more than 400%, from 1088 to 1497. The typical figure of commonplace masses for every active BPHS office reduced from 14,878 to 10,738. The amount of described element prosperity extended from 9,613 to 12,324 in similar time; a bit is a direct result of the extension in quantity of coverage workplaces; notwithstanding, subsequent to change this will regardless show an addition in prosperity centers. The whole graph exhibits the examples annually. Every figure prescribes extended entrance of the people to the organizations given by BPHS workplaces and prosperity centers. The analysis particulars are shown beneath: Figure 2: Pastoral inhabitants seeking treatment for Pneumonia annually The outline above demonstrates the detailed estimation of rural populace per BPHS office information. Each of the qualities has been escalating annually. In 2010, the aggregate estimation of rural populace seeking treatment for pneumonia was just 20%. The following year they were 40%. In 2012, the rural populace looking for the treatment increased to 60%. In the year subsequent year, they amplified to 80%, and this was a bit overwhelming for the community health workers (CHW). Figure 3: Total population seeking antibiotics for Malaria annually As indicated in the diagram, the detailed estimation of aggregate populace is seeking antibiotics for malaria. Each of the qualities appears annually. In 2010, the aggregate estimation of aggregate populace per BPHS office seeking malaria antibiotics was 23%. The following year, they were 31%. In 2012, the estimation the populace looking to alleviate malaria was 57%. Lastly, the aggregate estimation of aggregate populace in 2013 per BPHS office looking for the anti-biotic was 71%. Discussion In this area, the examinations are done to decide the current condition as well as accomplishment of the different deliverables of the venture. As indicated by the course of events produced for the venture it has progressed towards finish in any case, there are sure exercises left, for example, setting up the lesson arrangements and advancement of an arrangement to actualize the training bundle for Rural Health Workers in Afghanistan. The exercises up to conducting writing audit as well as accumulation of information have been accomplished up to this point for headway of the venture. From the preceding accomplishment of the venture deliverables, it may possibly be guaranteed that the venture is resolved to be effective in the midst of the best possible execution of the instruction bundle amid the Afghanistan Rural Health Workers. All Training Packages contain endorsed components. The government body responsible for quality assurance of the VET sector formally recognizes these parts of the Training Package. Training Package endorsed components include: Competency Units: These are depictions of the particular aptitudes and information required by people to play out a vocation to the standard expected in the working environment. Units of competency are otherwise called competency guidelines. Guidelines for evaluation /appraisal needs: These embark on the kind of proof required to affirm an individual's competency and how appraisal ought to be led. Capabilities: These are formal accreditation that a man has accomplished the skills applicable to distinguished industry or expert needs. Every Training Package contains various capabilities, made up of various units of competency, and contains runs about which units of competency can be bundled together to make every capability. Conclusions and Recommendations The preparation of the Rural Health Workers is an essential angle for accomplishment of the venture. The Rural Health Workers are to be prepared by the government association, which is dealt for usage of the guidance bundle. The center ought to be made available to pull in the group pioneers since they may help with passing on the significance of wellbeing along with usage of the guidance bundle. It will contain three rounds for three weeks including two-months of hands on work in every instruction. Rural Health Workers are to be furnished with straightforward pleasant guidebook, which comprises of wide range mindfulness on general wellbeing and in addition instructive errands. It will likewise contain different direct administrations like arranging of family, sustenance alongside enrollment of motherly and kid health. The Rural Health Workers who may effectively distinguished as fit following the guidance will begin to serve the populace. Then again, there a few hindrances that may influence extend values, for example, time lime, deficiency of important venture significant data and additionally procedure of accumulation information, thus more examinations is prescribed to comprehend personal requirements. References Arwal, S. H. (2015) Toward universal coverage in Afghanistan: a multi-stakeholder assessment of capacity investments in the community health worker system, Social Science Medicine, 145, 173-183 Ayoubi, S. F. and Todd, C. S (2013) Factors influencing the retention of midwives in the public sector in Afghanistan: a qualitative assessment of midwives in eight provinces, Midwifery, 29(10), 1137-1144 Barss, P. (2012) Midwifery training in post-conflict Afghanistan: tensions between educational standards and rural community needs, Health policy and planning, 27(1), 60-68 Bartlett, L. (2013) Midwives are the backbone of our health system: lessons from Afghanistan to guide expansion of midwifery in challenging settings, Midwifery, 29(10), 1166-1172 Burke, T. F (2013) Development of a community-based maternal, newborn and child emergency training package in South Sudan, public health, 127(9), 797-805 Burnham, G. (2012) Can community health workers increase coverage of reproductive health services. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 66(10), 894-900 Colvin, D. (2014) What motivates community health workers? Designing programs that incentivize community health worker performance and retention, Developing and strengthening community health worker programs at scale: a reference guide for program managers and policy makers. Washington, DC: USAID/Maternal and Child Health Integrated Project (MCHIP) Faiz, H., van Mierlo, B., Siddiqi, M., Komproe, I. H. 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Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd)

Company description Dubal is a major manufacturer and supplier of aluminum products. The company’s mission is to be the leading company in global aluminum production. The company also aims to lead in marketing of aluminum products by the year 2020.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is perceived to be a major supplier of alloy products to the automotive industry. Moreover, the company also supplies billet, foundry alloys to construction, electronics and aerospace industries. The company is also renowned for producing water products through thermal desalination. The company’s major markets are located globally, with China, Europe, North America and Middle East being major market destinations. Description of operations Aluminum smelting This is the initial aluminium production process that inv olves extraction of aluminium from its oxide (Davis 1). This procedure takes place in stages, where bauxite is turned into Alumina and then through an aluminium smelter where it is eventually turned into aluminium. Raw material handling The company procures high quality materials from various parts of the world. The company sources raw materials like alumina, aluminium fluoride and calcined petroleum coke from Australia, India and the United States respectively. Sourced imports pass through Jebel Ali Port. This is because the company has storage facilities for its raw materials at the port. Moreover, the company import raw materials in bulk and later transport the materials to the manufacturing plant by road tankers. Carbon anode manufacturing This is an on-site manufacturing process. The carbon anodes are necessary for the electrolysis process used in aluminum reduction process (Kvande Haupin 29). Apparently, the company has the capacity to produce more than 380,000 carbon anodes annually.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Casting operations This is the final process of making aluminium. It entails casting molten aluminum and alloying the same with magnesium, silicon and manganese. Casting is important in adding metal properties like corrosion resistance and strength (Kaufman Rooy 1). The company’s annual casting capacity is 1.2 million tonnes of aluminium. Supply chains decisions Dubal’s supply chain takes the format of a typical Porter’s value chain. Inbound logistics Procured materials from Australia, India, and the United States pass through Jebel Ali Port, where the company has storage facilities. The presence of storage facilities at the port is critical for constant supplies, storage and transportation of materials. Operations Main operations inside the company’s manufacturing plant include aluminium manufactur ing processes. Operation managers make critical decisions on the quantity and quality of products manufactured. Outbound logistics Operation managers are required to decide the mode of transportation in delivering products and services. Decision on company transport, outsourced transport is critical. Decisions on distribution channels and delivery locations to the company’s outlets across the world are also critical. Marketing and sales Marketing and sales initiatives are globally focused. Operation managers insist on manufacturing products that are environmentally sensitive.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company uses the aspect of quality as a marketing strategy in generating demand for its products. In addition, the inclusion of competitive prices for its products and services in relation to compet itors has been integral in generating sales. Service The company treasures its relationship with the customers. In this respect, constant communication with existing customers has been an organizational culture. Moreover, the company offers value-additional services to the customer who want consultation on aluminium products and services. Procurement This is a supporting activity for the company’s supply chain primary activities. Operation managers make outsourcing decisions based on suppliers and vendors convenience, reliability and prices. Human resource management Human resource personnel are recruited on merits of skills and competence. To ensure that human resource is competent enough, the human resource manager motivates, organizes frequent training and conducts performance appraisal on staff members. Technological development The company uses information communication systems, in harnessing its operations. Operation managers have resorted to using Material Resource Pla nning (MRP) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software in making critical decisions on resource planning and allocations. Another form of information technology used is Computer Aided Designs (CAD) for purposes of manufacturing and mass production. Infrastructure Operation managers need to determine the organizational structure of the company. This means that critical support systems like accounting, procurement, transport, administration, marketing, legislative and general management are required.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizational support systems are critical in harnessing the flow of information and operations within the organization. Operational decisions Human resources and job design This operation decision requires identification of skills required to produce the company’s products and services. In this respect, decision on the job design and requirement is integral before recruitment of personnel. The recruitment process of human resource is also necessary to consider. This is because a flawed recruitment process may negatively affect the productivity of the organization. A decision on how to make the working environment favorable to the employee is necessary after hiring the employee. This means that the working environment should not pose health risks to the employees. Moreover, a metal manufacturing environment is highly hazardous and requires the use of protective gear while working. This should be provided to all employees. This is critical in ensuring that manufacturing of pr oducts and services achieves quality goals. Wages and salaries allocated to employees should be reasonable in relation to the amount or level of job assigned (Rynes Gerhart 16). An operation decision to decide the expected productivity from employees is crucial. In this respect, employee performance appraisal is necessary to determine whether employees are delivering to their expectations (Bowen Ostroff 217). This is the only way the company can remain highly productive and competitive among other industrial players. Productivity Productivity can be measured by finding the average output of the company’s workers (Bloom Van Reneen 1362). This requires a unit of measurement. In this respect, the company can use units of products produced as a unit of measurement. In general, productivity will be determined by total units produced in relation to input used. Input is always represented as the amount of labor used. In a manufacturing company like Dubal, outputs are considered a s workers-hours required in manufacturing a single unit product. In order to determine the production cost of a single product unit and hours required of the same, total paid hours in a month are divided by the number of units produced in the same month. Productivity can be increased through constant monitoring of operations and employees (Johnson Peter 208). A technological strategy like the use of email monitoring is necessary in evaluating employees’ attendance to responsibilities. In this case, employees are to submit daily or weekly reports on work performance. Eliminating distractions such as unnecessary meetings and watching television is also necessary. Another way to increase productivity is delegation of duties or outsourcing operations (Young Johanna 141). Making a list of activities that require priority is essential. This makes it easier for the operation manager to arrange required tools of work and amount of workforce required in completing a job. Works Cited Bloom, Nicholas and Van Reenen, John. Measuring and explaining management practices across firms and countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122.4 (2007): 1351-1408. Print. Bowen, E., David and Ostroff, Cheri. Understanding HRM–firm performance linkages: The role of the â€Å"strength† of the HRM system. Academy of management review 29.2 (2004): 203-221. Print. Davis, R., Joseph. Corrosion of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Arizona: ASM International, 1999. Print. Johnston, Robert and Peter Jones. Service productivity: towards understanding the relationship between operational and customer productivity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 53.3 (2004): 201-213. Print. Kaufman, J., Gilbert and Rooy L., Elwin. Aluminum alloy castings: properties, processes and applications. Arizona: ASM International, 2004. Print. Kvande, Halvor and Haupin, Warren. Inert anodes for AI smelters: Energy balances and environmental impact. Jom 53.5 (2001): 29 -33. Print. Rynes, L., Sara and Gerhart A., Barry. Compensation in organizations. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass, 2000. Print. Young, Suzanne and Macneil, Johanna. When performance fails to meet expectations: managers’ objectives for outsourcing. The Economic and Labor Relations Review 11.1 (2000): 136-168. Print. This case study on Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd) was written and submitted by user Amelia Morin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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